Two research papers report that adding wheat fiber to the diet protects mice from intestinal inflammation. Wheat fiber is found in whole wheat and whole grain breads, but it is mostly missing from products made with refined white flour.
In mice, gut bacteria break down wheat fiber and make anti-inflammatory substances, including polyphenols. These substances change immune cells in the intestine so they reduce inflammation. The protection needs bacteria that can break down the fiber. The authors say removing bran from wheat foods has lowered wheat fiber in many diets and may be linked to more IBD. Choosing whole wheat breads, pastas and whole grain products instead of refined versions may help reduce that risk.
Difficult words
- inflammation — pain or swelling in a body partintestinal inflammation
- refined — processed so parts are removedrefined white flour, refined versions
- bacterium — a tiny living organism in the bodygut bacteria
- polyphenol — a natural plant chemical that can reduce inflammationpolyphenols
- immune cell — a body cell that fights infectionimmune cells
- bran — outer part of grain found in whole wheat
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Discussion questions
- Do you choose whole wheat or refined wheat products? Why?
- What simple food changes could increase wheat fiber in a diet?
- How could gut bacteria affect your health, based on this article?
