New research in Psychology of Addictive Behaviors links three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence and connection—with safer alcohol choices and a lower risk of misuse. The study was led by Dylan Richards of the University of Georgia and co-authored by Joshua Grubbs, Christian Garcia, Matthew Pearson and Craig Field of the University of New Mexico’s Center on Alcohol, Substance Use and Addictions.
The authors report results from three studies. The first two surveyed more than 3,000 college students combined. Respondents answered questions about drinking behaviour and psychological well‑being and rated how often they used protective strategies, such as drinking more slowly, and how often they took risky actions, such as not arranging a designated driver. To measure need satisfaction, participants rated statements like feeling a sense of choice, feeling confident in their abilities, and feeling cared for by people close to them.
The third study followed 1,700 adults in their 40s and 50s over two years and focused on alcohol‑use severity. Changes in severity tended to mirror changes in reported need frustration: higher severity was associated with more unmet needs. The researchers conclude that low confidence, competence or social support may increase risk for misuse and they recommend reflecting on and strengthening personal choice, relationships and perceived competence.
Difficult words
- autonomy — ability to make your own choices
- competence — skill and ability to do tasks wellcompetent
- connection — feeling close and supported by others
- protective strategy — action taken to reduce harm or riskprotective strategies
- misuse — wrong or harmful use of a substance
- severity — how serious or intense a problem is
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Discussion questions
- How might colleges help students strengthen autonomy, competence and connection to reduce risky drinking?
- What personal steps could adults take to improve their sense of competence and social support around alcohol use?
- Do you think focusing on personal choice and relationships is enough to prevent alcohol misuse? Why or why not?
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