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Newborn antibiotics change gut bacteria and lung immunity (Level A1) — topless baby lying on blue textile

Newborn antibiotics change gut bacteria and lung immunityCEFR A1

21 Apr 2026

LevelA1
A2
B1
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Adapted from U. Rochester-URMC, Futurity • CC BY 4.0

Photo by Jimmy Conover, Unsplash

Level A1 – Beginner
2 min
77 words
  • Newborn babies sometimes get antibiotics in hospital care.
  • Antibiotics can save a baby’s life in danger.
  • Antibiotics also change the baby’s gut bacteria.
  • Gut bacteria send chemical signals to the lungs.
  • These signals help make lung immune cells.
  • After antibiotics, immune cells change their behavior.
  • Cells shift to repair the lung more often.
  • Some of these changes stay into later life.
  • Doctors should use antibiotics when they are needed.
  • Scientists hope this research will guide new care.

Difficult words

  • antibiotic — medicine that kills or stops bacteria
    Antibiotics
  • bacterium — a very small living thing in bodies
    bacteria
  • lung — organ in chest for breathing air
    lungs
  • immune cell — part of body that helps fight germs
    immune cells
  • signal — chemical message that moves between body parts
    signals

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • Have you ever taken antibiotics?
  • Do you agree that doctors should use antibiotics only when needed?
  • Have you talked with a doctor about antibiotics?

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