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Inequality and Pandemics: Why Science Alone Is Not Enough — Level A2 — Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak – warning alarm message.

Inequality and Pandemics: Why Science Alone Is Not EnoughCEFR A2

5 Nov 2025

Adapted from Matthew M. Kavanagh, SciDev CC BY 2.0

Photo by Markus Spiske, Unsplash

Level A2 – High beginner / Elementary
3 min
121 words

Matthew M. Kavanagh says science can now sequence a virus in days and build vaccines in months. Yet pandemics come faster, spread wider and cost more lives and jobs. He argues that inequality makes people and societies more vulnerable.

Kavanagh warns that many governments treated pandemics as technical problems and gave new tools to companies that hold global monopolies. Those monopolies limit supply, raise prices and prolong crises. He also says debt payments take money away from nurses and labs, and this slows responses when a pandemic hits.

To change this, he proposes pausing debt repayments for countries with debt distress and pandemics, creating a real pandemic finance facility for emergency reserves, and sharing production technology instead of only giving donations.

Difficult words

  • pandemicA disease that spreads widely.
    pandemics
  • wealthMoney and valuable resources.
  • communityA group of people living together.
    communities
  • governmentThe group that controls a country.
    Governments
  • technologyTools and machines that help solve problems.
    technologies
  • vaccineA substance to protect against disease.
    vaccines

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • How can sharing technology help poorer countries?
  • What are some ways to reduce health inequality?
  • Why is it important for everyone to benefit from health improvements?

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