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Toxic metals contaminate Lake Junín basin — Level A2 — brown and gray concrete houses on green grass field under white cloudy sky during daytime

Toxic metals contaminate Lake Junín basinCEFR A2

31 Oct 2025

Adapted from Martín De Ambrosio, SciDev CC BY 2.0

Photo by journaway Rundreisen, Unsplash

Level A2 – High beginner / Elementary
3 min
144 words

A new study published in Science of the Total Environment reports heavy contamination around Lake Junín. The lake basin sits at 4,100 meters and is the source of the Mantaro River. Researchers tested more than 200 surface soil samples and measured 14 heavy metals, metalloids and trace elements.

The study found that 99 per cent of the area has "very high to ultra-high" ecological risk. It reports a "100 per cent carcinogenic risk" for adults, and says children are highly exposed to arsenic. In agricultural areas some toxins exceed ecological thresholds by more than 100 times.

Local pollution is linked to old abandoned mines, agriculture and urbanisation. About 50,000 people live in the area and water use from the basin reaches 1.3 million people downstream. The authors say more work is needed to measure the full impact, especially on children and pregnant women.

Difficult words

  • contaminationthe act of making something dirty or unsafe
  • arsenica harmful chemical element
  • leada heavy metal that is harmful to health
  • cadmiuma toxic metal found in some polluted areas
  • exposedbeing in a place where something is dangerous
  • healththe state of being free from illness

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • Why is contaminated water a problem for communities?
  • How can people protect themselves from these toxins?
  • What steps can be taken to clean up bodies of water like Junín Lake?

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