Reducing Injuries in Winter Sports ^{CEFR B2}

Winter sports present several hazards: low temperatures, slick surfaces, reduced visibility and sharp equipment all increase injury risk. Speed activities such as skiing and snowboarding account for most harm — 2018 data show they made up nearly 65% of winter sports injuries. Common mechanisms are collisions, overuse or stress injuries, and falls on an outstretched hand (FOOSH), which often lead to wrist sprains or fractures.

Physical therapist Robin Galley, a visiting clinical associate professor at Tufts University School of Medicine, advises athletes to use properly fitted gear and clothing that preserves warmth while allowing movement. Ill-fitting items, for example a poor ski boot, can raise crash risk and produce pressure points over time. Race organisers sometimes add pine needles to courses so athletes can better judge the ground; in conditions of melt and refreeze, helmets and shin guards become more important, especially on faster courses. A fall while holding a pole can cause “skier’s thumb,” a tear or sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament.

Warming up is critical because the body cools quickly. Galley travelled to Torino, Italy, in January 2025 to support US student athletes at the Winter World University Games and stressed keeping competitors active between rounds with leg swings, squats and light cardio to maintain body temperature. She also highlights knowing personal fitness and history: bone density falls with age for men and women, which raises fracture risk, and anatomical differences can contribute to more ACL tears in some athletes. Cross training in the off‑season, matching terrain to skill, taking lessons, and allowing rest and sleep for healing all reduce risk. During recovery, avoid pushing tissues beyond safe limits and work with a physical therapist to guide rehabilitation and a safe return to sport.