Panic attacks can feel like heart attacks because both produce chest pain, a rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath. Panic attacks are sudden, intense surges of fear or anxiety that usually peak within minutes and then subside. They often occur after stress or a trigger, but they can also arise without an obvious cause. Typical accompanying signs include sweating, trembling, a choking feeling, nausea and light-headedness.
By contrast, a heart attack (myocardial infarction) happens when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, commonly by a blood clot, which prevents oxygen from reaching the tissue. Heart attack symptoms can include chest pressure, pain that spreads to the jaw, arm, back or neck, stomach discomfort, cold sweats, nausea and dizziness.
The key differences are onset and duration: panic symptoms start suddenly and usually fade within 20 to 60 minutes, while heart attack symptoms tend to begin more gradually and persist until medical treatment restores blood flow. Panic attacks may ease with anti-anxiety medication or calming measures; heart attacks require immediate medical care such as clot-busting drugs or procedures. If symptoms persist or worsen despite calming techniques, seek immediate help and call 9-1-1.
Difficult words
- panic attack — sudden intense episode of fear or anxietyPanic attacks
- myocardial infarction — blockage of blood flow to heart muscle
- onset — the moment when something begins
- trigger — an event or factor that starts something
- blood clot — a thick mass of blood that blocks vessels
- calming measures — actions used to reduce fear or anxiety
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Discussion questions
- How could knowing the differences between panic attacks and heart attacks affect someone’s decision to call emergency services? Give reasons.
- What calming measures or strategies might help during a panic attack, and when should a person still seek medical help?
- How can public health messages help people recognise heart attack symptoms earlier and respond quickly?
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