LingVo.club
Level
Milk glands in many mammals have receptors for H5N1 — a cow standing in a field

Milk glands in many mammals have receptors for H5N1CEFR A2

10 Dec 2025

Adapted from Dave Roepke-Iowa State, Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by Peter Hoogmoed, Unsplash

Level A2 – High beginner / Elementary
2 min
108 words

A recent study in the Journal of Dairy Science looked at milk gland tissue from several mammals. The researchers tested pigs, sheep, goats, beef cattle, alpacas and humans to see if the tissue had receptors for influenza.

They found sialic acid, a sugar on cell surfaces that helps influenza attach and enter cells. The study followed the spread of H5N1 to dairy cattle in spring 2024. In infected dairy herds, sick cows can produce milk that contains the virus. The USDA is testing raw cow milk samples nationwide. Pasteurization kills influenza, so store-bought milk is safe. Researchers say raw milk from other mammals is also a concern.

Difficult words

  • receptorcell protein that receives signals or viruses
    receptors
  • glandbody part that makes and sends out fluids
  • sialic acida sugar on cell surfaces in animals
  • pasteurizationprocess that heats milk to kill germs
  • infectto make a person or animal sick
    infected
  • attachto join or stick onto another surface
  • influenzaa viral disease that affects the respiratory system

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Related articles

Heat and Young Children’s Development
9 Dec 2025

Heat and Young Children’s Development

New research links high temperatures to slower early childhood development. The study compared child development records with local monthly temperatures and found higher heat is associated with lower literacy and numeracy milestone attainment.

Milk glands in many mammals have receptors for H5N1 — English Level A2 | LingVo.club