The study appeared in the journal Self and Identity and used a very large, culturally diverse data set. More than 45,000 people from 53 countries completed surveys that measured levels of narcissism.
The researchers described narcissism as very high self‑esteem with relatively low empathy, a strong positive focus on the self, and low regard for others. They examined differences by age, gender and perceived status, and they also looked at country factors such as individualism versus collectivism and national wealth (GDP).
The main findings were clear: young adults scored higher than older adults, men scored higher than women, and people in wealthier countries tended to be more narcissistic. The team also noted that group‑oriented countries did not show greatly different patterns.
Difficult words
- narcissism — Extreme focus on one's own importance and image.narcissistic
- empathy — Ability to understand and share others' feelings.
- perceive — To see or understand something in a certain way.perceived
- individualism — Cultural value that favors personal independence and goals.
- collectivism — Cultural value that favors group interests over individuals.
- survey — A set of questions to collect people's answers.surveys
- data set — A large collection of organized information or measurements.
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Related articles
Concerns over arts funding and the future of Bocas Lit Fest
Marina Salandy-Brown links recent funding changes to wider problems in how Trinidad and Tobago values culture. She describes lost sponsorships, gaps in state support and calls for a statutory Arts Council with stable funding.
New Record for Longest Steelpan Marathon
Joshua Regrello from Trinidad and Tobago set a world record for the longest marathon playing the steelpan, lasting 31 hours. His achievement has been celebrated locally and internationally.
Romani communities in Greater São Paulo seek recognition and services
Romani people living in the outskirts of Greater São Paulo face prejudice, poor living conditions and difficulty accessing services. Community leaders want official recognition, inclusion in the census and teaching of Romani history and culture in schools.
Street children in French-speaking Africa
Street children affect many cities across French-speaking Africa. The article describes causes such as poverty and family rejection, local names and music links, and the limited priority governments give to long-term solutions.
Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican music and film star, dies at 81
Jimmy Cliff died on November 24, 2025, aged 81. His wife Latifa said he died of pneumonia after a seizure; he was a leading Jamaican cultural figure and the only living musician to hold the Order of Merit.
China's growing food waste problem
China wastes large amounts of food at restaurants, banquets and in homes. Civic campaigns and a 2021 Anti‑Food Waste Law followed, while experts and the State Council now focus on cutting production and storage losses.