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PFAS in Water Harm Babies and Cost Society — A baby being washed in a kitchen sink

PFAS in Water Harm Babies and Cost SocietyCEFR B1

18 Dec 2025

Adapted from U. Arizona, Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by Julia Michelle, Unsplash

Level B1 – Intermediate
3 min
164 words

Researchers led by the University of Arizona published results in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They studied every birth in New Hampshire from 2010–2019 and compared mothers receiving water from wells downstream of PFAS-contaminated sites with similar mothers using upstream wells. The downstream group showed higher first-year infant mortality, more preterm births (including births before 28 weeks), and more very low birth weights (including below 2.2 pounds).

The study concentrates on long-chain PFAS, PFOA and PFOS, which are no longer made in the U.S. but remain in soil and leach into groundwater. Extrapolating to the contiguous United States, the authors estimate social costs of at least $8 billion a year for babies born each year. These costs cover medical care, long-term health effects and reduced lifetime earnings.

The researchers say cleanup, regulation and point-of-use filters could yield important health and economic benefits, and they note that activated carbon filters can remove long-chain PFAS.

Difficult words

  • downstreamIn the direction water flows from a site
  • upstreamIn the opposite direction of water flow
    upstream wells
  • infant mortalityNumber of babies who die in infancy
    first-year infant mortality
  • preterm birthBirth that happens before full pregnancy term
    preterm births
  • birth weightHow much a baby weighs at birth
    very low birth weights
  • groundwaterWater that exists under the earth's surface
  • extrapolateTo estimate results for a larger area
    Extrapolating
  • social costTotal economic harm to society from an event
    social costs

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PFAS in Water Harm Babies and Cost Society — English Level B1 | LingVo.club