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Nepal's Solar Energy Challenges — a small village on a hill with mountains in the background

Nepal's Solar Energy ChallengesCEFR B1

4 Nov 2025

Adapted from Sonia Awale, Global Voices CC BY 3.0

Photo by Calum Hill, Unsplash

AI-assisted adaptation of the original article, simplified for language learners.

Nepal has significant solar energy potential, estimated at 432 gigawatts, which far exceeds its hydropower capacity. With over 300 days of sunlight each year, solar could play a vital role in addressing frequent energy shortages. Unfortunately, the government restricts solar energy to just 10 percent of the total energy mix, primarily influenced by concerns over technology stability and cost tariffs.

Hydropower is currently dominant in Nepal's energy landscape, but it is under increasing threat due to climate change risks, making its reliability uncertain. Experts argue that solar energy can provide a more dependable alternative if the government revises its policies and allows more investment. Additionally, geopolitical tensions between Nepal's neighbors, India and China, complicate these developments, as external influence affects decision-making.

Despite the challenges, there are opportunities in small-scale solar projects, particularly in industrial sectors that can leverage rooftop space for solar panels, helping increase energy production while keeping in mind local and international relations.

Difficult words

  • solarRelating to the sun or sunlight.
    solar energy
  • energyThe power to do work or produce heat.
    energy shortages, energy mix
  • capacityThe maximum amount something can hold or produce.
  • governmentThe group that rules or leads a country.
  • investmentMoney used to help a business or project grow.
  • complicateTo make something harder or more difficult.

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • How do you think solar energy could improve Nepal's energy situation?
  • What are the potential benefits of increased investment in solar energy?
  • In what ways might geopolitics affect energy policy in Nepal?
  • How can small-scale solar projects benefit local industries?

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