Researchers created microscopic, fully programmable robots that measure about 0.2 by 0.3 by 0.05 millimeters, a size similar to many microorganisms. The devices are light-powered and can operate for months; each costs about one penny. A batch described in Science Robotics includes temperature sensors accurate to within a third of a degree Celsius. The robots report temperatures by wiggling, a motion compared to the waggle dance of honeybees.
Propulsion and computing were developed by separate teams that joined efforts. The propulsion design avoids moving parts: the robots generate an electrical field that nudges ions in the surrounding liquid, and those ions push water molecules to create a force that moves the robot. The computing team ran the robot program on 75 nanowatts, which researchers say is 100,000 times less than a smart watch requires. Solar panels take up most of each robot to collect that energy.
Engineers condensed control instructions into a single special instruction so programs fit very small memory. Researchers say the devices could advance medicine by monitoring single cells and help manufacturing by building microscale devices.
Difficult words
- microscopic — very small; needs a microscope to see
- programmable — able to run different instructions automatically
- propulsion — system or force that makes something move
- ion — charged atom or molecule in a liquid or gasions
- nanowatt — unit of power equal to one billionth wattnanowatts
- condense — make something shorter by combining partscondensed
- memory — computer part that stores information for programs
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Related articles
AI helps prosthetic hand grasp more naturally
Researchers added proximity and pressure sensors plus an AI to a commercial prosthetic hand. Users achieved more secure, precise grips with less mental effort and could do many everyday tasks without long training.
New images reveal complex nova eruptions
Astronomers used interferometry at the CHARA Array to take direct images of two novae soon after they erupted. The pictures show multiple outflows and, in one case, a delayed release of material.
Most US drug trials do not mirror racial and ethnic diversity
A study of pivotal trials used to approve new drugs found only a small share reflect the United States racial and ethnic makeup. The review shows underrepresentation of Black and Hispanic people and urges more diversity earlier in development.
Glacial lakes and flood risk in the Hindu Kush‑Himalaya
The Hindu Kush‑Himalaya stores large freshwater in mountain glaciers. Warming has formed thousands of glacial lakes and raised the risk of sudden outburst floods; experts say better data sharing, observation and funding are needed but political and technical barriers remain.
Indigenous leader Dzoodzo Baniwa wins climate award
Dzoodzo Baniwa, from the Alto Río Negro territory in Amazonas, won a Bunge Foundation award for work on the climate emergency and practical agricultural science solutions. The prize highlights links between indigenous knowledge and scientific practice.
Study: Many mini‑Neptunes may have solid surfaces
A University of Chicago study using JWST data and computer models finds many mini‑Neptunes might have solid surfaces instead of global magma oceans, because heavy atmospheres can create extreme pressure at the surface.