PAHO has published the first evidence-based guide to the treatment of tungiasis, a disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans. The parasite burrows into the skin and produces intense inflammation, pain, burning and itching, most often on the feet. Children and older adults are most affected and the condition can lead to chronic complications, severe deformities and social stigma.
PAHO’s regional advisor on neglected infectious diseases, Ana Luciañez, said the disease affects communities living in poverty and marginalisation. The guidelines recommend low-viscosity dimethicone as the preferred treatment because it kills fleas, is easy to use and is less expensive than surgical removal. If dimethicone is not available, the guide recommends ivermectin.
The guide warns against removing the parasite without antiseptic measures or trained personnel. Manual removal is common and often done with needles, scissors or hairpins. The guide also discourages potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide because they can cause burns, dark pigmentation or skin irritation. PAHO urges combined clinical, community and environmental measures and better awareness among patients, health workers and authorities.
Difficult words
- tungiasis — A disease caused by a flea that hurts.
- flea — A small insect that jumps and bites.
- pain — Uncomfortable feeling in the body.
- guidelines — Instructions on how to do something.
- surgical — Related to medical operations.
- awareness — Knowledge about a particular issue.
- complications — Problems that make a situation worse.
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Why is it important to seek medical care for tungiasis?
- What else can communities do to help those affected by tungiasis?
- How can education help health workers in treating this disease?
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