China’s durian demand and Indonesia’s plans ^{CEFR B1}

China’s strong demand is reshaping durian supply chains in Southeast Asia. In 2024 China imported approximately 1.56 million metric tons of durians worth USD 6.99 billion, taking about 95 percent of global durian exports. Indonesia produces around 2 million tons annually, the world’s largest output, but most of the fruit is consumed domestically.

The Indonesian government has sought Chinese investment in cultivation. In 2023 the government offered 5,000 hectares in North Sumatra and Sulawesi to potential Chinese investors and suggested Humbang Hasundutan Regency as a possible site. Under one proposal 70 percent of the yield would go to China, and the plan was reportedly raised with Xi Jinping by then‑President Joko Widodo.

Indonesia currently exports mainly durian paste and some frozen fruit is re‑exported via Thailand. Officials say a direct agreement would cut transport time and make the supply chain more direct. Farmers and investors are expanding planting, but experts warn that quality and consistency must improve; one expert estimated about ten years of development and training to reach higher standards.

The boom offers income but also environmental risk. In nearby countries orchards have grown rapidly and some farmers switched crops for higher profit. Reports from Malaysia and Laos raise concerns about deforestation, loss of Indigenous land and threats to wildlife, while other experts say plantations can help biodiversity if planned carefully.