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Scientists grow brain-like tissue without animal materials — a mouse sitting on top of a wooden table

Scientists grow brain-like tissue without animal materialsCEFR A2

6 Dec 2025

Adapted from Unknown author, Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by Matthew Mejia, Unsplash

AI-assisted adaptation of the original article, simplified for language learners.

For the first time, scientists grew functional brain-like tissue without animal-derived coatings. The work was led by Iman Noshadi at the University of California, Riverside and the study appears in the Advanced Functional Materials journal. Prince David Okoro is the lead author.

The team uses polyethylene glycol, called PEG, and reshapes it into a porous, textured scaffold so donor brain cells can attach and grow. They flowed water, ethanol and PEG through nested glass capillaries and used a flash of light to lock the porous structure. The pores let oxygen and nutrients reach donated stem cells.

Difficult words

  • functionalworking or able to do its job
  • tissuegroup of similar cells in a body
  • coatingthin layer on a surface for protection
    coatings
  • polyethylene glycola common chemical used in many materials
  • scaffolda structure that supports cell growth
  • poroushaving many small holes that let things pass

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Discussion questions

  • Why is it important that the tissue was grown without animal-derived coatings?
  • How might a porous scaffold help stem cells grow?

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