New research has revealed that two types of immune cells in the brain, known as microglia, play critical roles in controlling anxiety in mice. This discovery marks a significant shift in understanding how anxiety functions in the brain. One group of microglia acts like an accelerator, increasing anxiety, while the other functions as a brake, reducing anxiety levels.
The researchers conducted experiments by transplanting these cells into mice without any microglia. They found that mice with only microglia that increase anxiety showed typical signs of anxiety, such as excessive grooming and avoiding open spaces. In contrast, mice with only anxiety-reducing microglia remained calm, highlighting the opposing roles of these cell types in anxiety responses.
The implications of this research are vast, as the same mechanisms may exist in humans. Understanding these immune cells could lead to new treatments targeting anxiety without only focusing on neurons. Future therapies may be able to adjust these immune populations to help those struggling with anxiety disorders.
Difficult words
- microglia — Immune cells in the brain.
- anxiety — A feeling of worry or fear.
- transplanting — Putting cells or organs into a new body.
- reducing — Making something smaller or less.
- mechanisms — Processes or techniques that cause something to happen.
- implications — Possible effects or results of something.
- therapies — Treatments to help with health issues.
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- How do you think this research might change treatments for anxiety?
- What are some other factors that might affect anxiety in humans?
- Why is it important to understand the roles of immune cells in the brain?
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