A new study in The American Journal of Psychiatry found lower availability of a brain receptor called metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) across autistic adults’ brains. Researchers say this finding may relate to an imbalance between excitatory signals (which make neurons fire) and inhibitory signals (which act like a brake).
The team used MRI and PET scans to compare 16 autistic adults and 16 neurotypical adults; PET gives molecular information while MRI shows brain anatomy. Fifteen autistic participants also had EEG tests, and lower mGlu5 levels were linked to EEG measures. Researchers note limits: PET is costly and uses radiation, and the study only looked at autistic adults. Scientists plan future studies in children and adolescents.
Difficult words
- receptor — small protein on cells that receives signals
- excitatory — causing neurons to send signals more often
- inhibitory — reducing neuron activity or slowing signals
- imbalance — lack of equal or correct amounts
- neurotypical — person without autism or a related diagnosis
- scan — medical image of the body's insidescans
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Discussion questions
- Have you ever had or known someone who had a brain scan (MRI, PET or EEG)? How was the experience?
- Why is it important to study children and adolescents after findings in adults?
- What concerns might people have about PET scans and why?
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