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Ants learn and change colony scent (Level A1) — black ant

Ants learn and change colony scentCEFR A1

15 Apr 2026

Adapted from Rockefeller University, Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by Sian Cooper, Unsplash

Level A1 – Beginner
2 min
76 words
  • Ant colonies must tell friends from foes.
  • A new study shows ants can learn smells.
  • Researchers used laboratory ant colonies for tests.
  • Ants have a smell from waxy body compounds.
  • Colonies mix the same compounds in different ratios.
  • Young ants placed in new nests learn smells.
  • After time they are not attacked anymore.
  • If contact stops, the learned calm goes away.
  • But some ants keep a natural self-sense.
  • This helps colonies live and survive together.

Difficult words

  • colonyA group of ants living together.
    colonies
  • learnTo get new knowledge or a skill.
    learned
  • compoundA chemical made of two or more parts.
    compounds
  • ratioThe relative amount of two things.
    ratios
  • waxySoft and greasy like candle wax.
  • surviveTo continue living after danger or trouble.

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • Have you seen ants living together near your home?
  • Do you think animals can learn smells?
  • Do you think learning helps ants live together?

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