The study, led by Joanna Lin of the University of Georgia Terry College of Business, analysed multiple experiential and field studies and surveys with hundreds of full-time employees. The researchers examined how after-work invitations affect different people.
They report that people with higher social confidence usually react positively. When these employees receive invites to dinners, parties or activities such as bowling, they tend to feel grateful, energised and more connected to coworkers. By contrast, people who describe themselves as shy or less confident often feel pressure and anxiety about social performance.
The invitation can create uncertainty about who will attend and how long the event will last; some employees become withdrawn or stressed even before answering. Lin says anxiety can build whether a person accepts or declines, producing tension and lower productivity during the waiting period. The researchers note several factors that may change the effect and say these need further study.
As practical steps, the authors suggest employees recognise their own preferences and limits to protect well-being. Coworkers should consider potential consequences and be mindful about when and how to invite others.
Difficult words
- analyse — to study data carefully to understand itanalysed
- experiential — based on real experience or practical tests
- uncertainty — a state of not knowing what will happen
- anxiety — a strong, uncomfortable feeling of worry
- productivity — the amount of useful work produced
- recognise — to understand or accept something about yourself
- mindful — aware and careful about people or actions
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Have you ever felt pressure or anxiety about an after-work invitation? What did you do?
- How could coworkers invite others in a way that reduces stress and uncertainty?
- What personal limits do you set for social events after work and why?
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