Researchers created the world’s smallest fully programmable autonomous robots. They measure about 0.2 by 0.3 by 0.05 millimeters, a size similar to many microorganisms. Each robot costs about one penny and can operate for months without external power.
The robots are light-powered and receive both energy and programming from pulses of light. Each device has a unique identifier so it can get different instructions. A batch described in Science Robotics carries temperature sensors that are quite accurate, and the robots report temperatures by wiggling, a motion like the waggle dance of honeybees.
The robots move without moving parts: an electrical field nudges ions in the liquid and pushes the robot. Most of the robot surface is solar panels to collect energy. Researchers say the devices could help medicine and manufacturing in the future.
Difficult words
- autonomous — Can work alone without external control.
- programmable — Can receive instructions and change its behavior.
- microorganism — A very small living thing seen with a microscope.microorganisms
- sensor — A device that measures temperature or other things.sensors
- identifier — A code or mark that tells which device.
- solar panel — A device that makes electricity from sunlight.solar panels
- ion — A charged atom or molecule in a liquid or gas.ions
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Would you like tiny robots to help in medicine? Why or why not?
- What could be a problem if robots operate without external power?
- Where would you use these small, cheap robots? Give one example.
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