Researchers analysed nearly three million births across 33 Sub‑Saharan African countries. They found that exposure to temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius during the first trimester was linked to a higher chance of biological pregnancy loss, and this pattern affected male fetuses more than female fetuses.
The authors say the result fits the "frail male hypothesis", which says male fetuses are more vulnerable to stress in pregnancy. Women with less education, older mothers and those living in rural areas appeared particularly at risk. The team used geo‑referenced Demographic and Health Surveys data to match pregnancies with local temperatures. Experts note limits to the analysis and call for better maternal health care as the climate warms.
Difficult words
- analyse — study information to find patterns or meaninganalysed
- exposure — being near or affected by something harmful
- trimester — one of three parts of a pregnancyfirst trimester
- fetus — unborn baby inside the mother's bodyfetuses
- vulnerable — easily hurt or affected by problems
- rural — connected with the countryside or small towns
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Why might high temperatures be dangerous in early pregnancy?
- What could help pregnant women who live in rural areas as the climate warms?
- How can local health services support pregnant women during hot weather?
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