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Small RNA linked to cholesterol and heart disease — blue and white abstract painting

Small RNA linked to cholesterol and heart diseaseCEFR B1

17 Dec 2025

Adapted from Iqbal Pittalwala - UC Riverside, Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by National Cancer Institute, Unsplash

Level B1 – Intermediate
3 min
159 words

Using a sequencing approach called PANDORA-seq, researchers searched for previously hidden small RNAs in the liver, the organ that controls cholesterol metabolism. They identified a single molecule, tsRNA-Glu-CTC, that was highly abundant in the liver and whose levels changed with cholesterol; the team reported that it made up more than 65% of the detectable tRNA-derived small RNAs in their samples.

The study linked tsRNA-Glu-CTC to SREBP2 (Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2), a key protein that acts as a master regulator of cholesterol production. Higher tsRNA-Glu-CTC boosted SREBP2 activity and turned on genes that synthesize cholesterol.

In mice, researchers used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to lower tsRNA-Glu-CTC. Lowering the molecule reduced cholesterol and led to less severe atherosclerosis. A naturally chemically modified form of the RNA was more effective than synthetic versions, and human blood samples showed a similar association between elevated tsRNA-Glu-CTC and higher circulating cholesterol.

Difficult words

  • sequenceto identify the order of genetic material
    sequencing
  • metabolismchemical processes in the body that use energy
  • regulatora molecule or protein that controls activity
  • synthesizeto make a chemical substance inside cells
  • antisense oligonucleotidea short strand made in a lab that blocks RNA
  • modifiedchemically changed to have a different form
  • abundantpresent in large amounts or numbers
  • atherosclerosisa disease where arteries become narrow with fat

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