Scientists describe a simple injectable treatment that could help the heart recover after a heart attack by increasing levels of the natural hormone ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). Ke Huang, an assistant professor at Texas A&M University’s Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy and coauthor of the Science study, said the approach boosts the heart’s own defence system and that a single dose can have a sustained effect.
The technology behind the injection is self-amplifying RNA (saRNA). It provides temporary instructions to muscle cells so they make extra ANP for a short period. The researchers explain three main ways saRNA works:
- saRNA delivers temporary instructions to cells.
- Those instructions let cells make more copies briefly.
- This self-copying gives a longer benefit without very large doses.
The team builds on earlier work on a microneedle patch for the heart and on the NPR1 signalling pathway, since ANP is the natural ligand for the NPR1 receptor. The researchers say the shot could reduce harmful scarring, preserve healthy muscle, improve pumping and lower long-term risks. Before human trials, they will study safety, timing and dosing. Source: Texas A&M University.
Difficult words
- self-amplifying RNA — temporary genetic instructions that copy themselvessaRNA
- hormone — chemical messenger produced by the body
- ligand — molecule that binds to a receptor
- receptor — protein on a cell that detects signals
- microneedle patch — small medical device with tiny needles
- scarring — formation of fibrous tissue after injury
- sustained — continuing over a longer period of time
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Discussion questions
- What do you see as the main advantage of increasing a natural hormone like ANP after a heart attack? Give reasons.
- What possible risks or concerns would you expect researchers to check when studying safety, timing and dosing?
- How might a self-amplifying RNA approach change the way medicines are given, compared with larger-dose treatments?
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