Researchers combined computer models with live simulations and field tests to study the forces that cause hydroplaning. In the field, tires were fixed in a device that allowed the team to change tire speed and add water to the pavement. Sensors along the test track measured the forces acting on the tires as they rolled across wet surfaces.
Results showed that both vehicle speed and water thickness influence the chance of hydroplaning. Initially, deeper water raised the risk, but when water depth reached about 10 millimetres the risk began to fall. The team suggested that thin water layers are harder for tires to break through, while deeper water creates the highest risk when the tire first contacts the surface before it can disperse water.
Speed was one of the most important factors. The researchers recommend driving slower in rain and replacing worn tires. Changes to pavement and road drainage can also reduce danger.
Difficult words
- hydroplaning — when tires lose contact on wet road
- simulation — computer tests that imitate real eventssimulations
- pavement — the hard surface of a road
- sensor — devices that measure movement or forcessensors
- force — pushes or pulls acting on an objectforces
- thickness — how deep the water layer on road iswater thickness
- disperse — to spread out and move away
- drainage — system that removes water from roads
- worn — damaged or thin from long use
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Which recommendation from the article would you follow when driving in rain, and why?
- How could better pavement or road drainage reduce hydroplaning risk where you live?
- Describe a time you drove on a very wet road. What did you or the driver do to stay safe?
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