Researchers used computer models and live simulations and then ran field tests. In the field, tires were mounted in a device so the team could change tire speed and add water to the pavement. Sensors along the track measured the forces on the tires as they moved through water.
The tests showed that both vehicle speed and water thickness affect hydroplaning risk. Thin layers of water can be hard for tires to break through, while deeper water is most dangerous when the tire first hits the surface. Drivers can reduce risk by slowing down in rain and by replacing worn tires. Better pavement drainage can also help.
Difficult words
- hydroplaning — When a tire slides on water and loses contact.
- pavement — The road surface where cars drive.
- sensor — A device that measures or detects something.Sensors
- simulation — A model or test that copies real events.simulations
- tire — A round rubber part on a vehicle wheel.tires
- drainage — The way water leaves a road or land.
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Have you ever driven in heavy rain? What did you do to stay safe?
- Do you check your tires for wear? How often do you check them?
- What could a town do to improve road drainage near your home?
Related articles
More electric vehicles could lower US energy costs
A study finds rapid adoption of electric vehicles by 2035 could cut US household energy bills, reduce oil imports and raise exports. Authors say benefits are now uncertain after recent federal rollbacks and call for a nationwide strategy.
Middle East tensions push up US fuel and food costs
Rising tensions in the Middle East have raised global oil prices and are already increasing costs in the United States. Economists say higher energy prices affect gasoline, airfares, supply chains and food, and that efficiency can help.
