Safer homes need stronger buildings and better rules ^{CEFR B1}

A new study argues that housing resilience is both a governance issue and a technical problem. The research was led by University of Notre Dame political scientist Susan Ostermann and civil engineering professors María J. Echeverría and Abbie Liel. The work, funded by the National Science Foundation, was published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. The authors say many building codes already include the needed elements, but implementation often fails.

The team studied Anchorage, Alaska, where local attitudes and geographic isolation shape how rules are received. After a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in 2018 destroyed or damaged more than 750 homes, many residents remained distrustful of government rules. The researchers conclude that simply strengthening codes does not ensure safer construction when codes are not followed.

To identify the most important features, the researchers interviewed nearly 40 experts, including engineers, builders, regulators and inspectors. Computational analysis by Echeverría and Liel showed common problems in two-story houses over large open garages, where the first floor gives little lateral support. The team found practical, low-cost features—such as shear walls, proper framing around garage openings, and hold-downs—that are often missing.