A new study found that many vertebrate species are “cryptic.” These are species that look nearly identical, but their DNA shows they belong to different lineages. The researchers say that for each recognized species there may be about two hidden species.
The team looked at results from more than 300 studies and used modern DNA methods that are now easier and cheaper. One local example is the Arizona mountain kingsnake: molecular work in 2011 showed northern and southern groups were distinct.
The study warns that splitting one species into several makes each new species’ range smaller, and smaller range size often increases extinction risk. Many cryptic species do not yet have formal names or protection.
Difficult words
- cryptic — hard to see differences by appearance
- vertebrate — animal with a backbone or spinal column
- lineage — group of animals with a common ancestorlineages
- recognize — to officially accept or identify as knownrecognized
- molecular — related to molecules or genetic material
- extinction — when a species completely stops living
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Why might many cryptic species not yet have formal names or protection?
- What could happen to a species if its range becomes smaller?
- Have you ever seen two wild animals that look very similar but are different?
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