A new genetic analysis of more than 3,000 canines identified a region of the genome that helps explain why some dogs have longer ears than others. Researchers at the University of Georgia published their findings in Scientific Reports after comparing DNA from dogs, wolves and coyotes. The study is the first to point to a likely genetic basis for ear size in canines and links ear length to genomic differences near the gene MSRB3.
Variations at or near MSRB3 appear to influence whether a dog has prick ears, like a German shepherd, or droopy ears, like a bloodhound. The authors note that the genetic signals controlling ear type and ear length are more complex than a single switch. Clark and colleagues found a combination of alleles at this locus that dictates ear type, and an additional allele on top of that combination that affects whether the ear will be short or long. MSRB3 is also known to be connected to hearing loss in people.
The project was inspired by an undergraduate researcher’s cocker spaniel. Dog ears take many forms—prick, drop, button, rose and bat—and some shapes give practical advantages: for example, the prick ears of a Belgian Malinois help detect distant sounds, while a beagle’s long, soft ears aid scent detection. Human selective breeding amplified many of these differences.
Clark’s lab typically studies inherited diseases in dogs, and the new genetic information can help future disease mapping. Identifying alleles linked to disease could allow breeders to use tests to avoid or reduce harmful variants, with the long-term goal of lowering or eliminating some genetic disorders. Additional coauthors are from UGA and the University of Minnesota. Source: University of Georgia.
Difficult words
- genome — complete set of an organism's DNA
- variation — a difference in DNA or physical traitVariations
- allele — one version of a gene at a locationalleles
- locus — specific place on a chromosome or gene
- selective breeding — human breeding to increase certain traits
- mapping — process of finding genes linked to traits
- inherit — to receive genes from one’s parentsinherited
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- What are the benefits and possible risks of using genetic tests to guide dog breeding, based on the article?
- How does selective breeding shape physical traits like ear type, and which examples from the article illustrate this?
- MSRB3 is linked to both ear length in dogs and hearing loss in people. What implications might this overlap have for research or animal welfare?
Related articles
Dementia rising in Africa as researchers seek answers
Dementia is increasing in Africa as populations age. Research and evidence in the region are limited, so scientists study genetics, new detection tools and community measures while working with traditional healers to reduce stigma.
Gene and blood‑vessel damage add to dementia risk
Researchers studied a genetic variant (APOE ε4) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a sign of small blood‑vessel damage. They found both factors raise dementia risk additively, and vascular health may be improved to lower that risk.
Most US drug trials do not mirror racial and ethnic diversity
A study of pivotal trials used to approve new drugs found only a small share reflect the United States racial and ethnic makeup. The review shows underrepresentation of Black and Hispanic people and urges more diversity earlier in development.