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Environment shapes gut bacteria of Etosha herbivores — Level A2 — a close up of some type of substance

Environment shapes gut bacteria of Etosha herbivoresCEFR A2

26 Jan 2026

Level A2 – High beginner / Elementary
2 min
92 words

A research team collected fresh feces from 11 herbivore species in Etosha National Park, Namibia. The sampled animals include African elephants, Angolan giraffes, wildebeests, two zebra species and several antelopes.

Researchers used DNA extraction and sequencing to find which bacteria live in each gut sample. They tested whether related host species have similar gut communities; this idea is called phylosymbiosis.

Five species showed phylosymbiosis: red hartebeest, blue wildebeest, gemsbok, impala and springbok. These five are bovids, cow-like ruminants with complex stomachs. Other species showed little or no evidence of the pattern.

Difficult words

  • feceswaste from an animal's body
  • herbivoreanimal that eats only or mostly plants
  • sequencingmethod to read the order of DNA
  • phylosymbiosiswhen related hosts have similar gut microbes
  • bovida cow-like animal in a family of mammals
    bovids
  • ruminantmammal with a complex multi-chamber stomach
    ruminants

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Discussion questions

  • Why might the five bovid species have similar gut bacteria?
  • Have you ever seen any of these African animals? Which one?

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