Climate change increases conflict in Mali ^{CEFR A2}

Mali is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change. Between 1970 and 2020 the country experienced at least 40 major climate shocks. The UN Sustainable Development Group says drought affects around 400,000 people each year and reduces crop revenue by USD 9.5 million annually.

The UN group says climate change is a major factor in conflict. Declining soil fertility has reduced grazing lands, so farmers move into traditional herding routes and violent clashes have increased. Extremist groups use these tensions to recruit young people. The crisis also forces women to travel farther for fuelwood and water, increasing their risk of gender-based violence.

Local actions include better early warning systems, training that mixes science and traditional knowledge, and reviving traditional laws to protect forests. Some towns are following these models and small businesses aim to create local agricultural jobs.