Researchers at New York University developed a mathematical model that explains how flocks of birds and schools of fish move together. Earlier work had outlined general rules for collective motion, but the detailed mechanics were still unclear. The new paper appears in Physical Review Fluids and builds on findings from NYU’s Applied Mathematics Laboratory.
The model treats animals as if they were atoms in a soft crystal, arranged in a regular lattice and connected by flexible, spring-like bonds. In this view, groups keep roughly even spacing and behave like an elastic material that can be easily deformed yet remains responsive to air or water flow and to nearby objects or predators.
To test the model, the team examined past experiments, including tests with mechanized flappers driven by motors and fitted with 3D-printed wings. The mock flock moved through water at different speeds and could arrange itself in a line; its behaviour matched the model’s predictions. The authors note potential applications in aerospace and automotive engineering, robotics and energy harvesting. The work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation and included undergraduate researcher Jiajie Wu.
Difficult words
- model — A simplified system used to explain phenomena
- lattice — A regular arrangement of points or objects
- elastic — Material that returns toward original shape after force
- bond — A connection between parts that holds them togetherbonds
- deform — To change shape because of pressure or forcedeformed
- responsive — Quick to react to changes or outside influence
- application — A practical use of an idea or methodapplications
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- How might engineers use this model in designing robots or vehicles?
- What are the advantages and limits of using mechanized mock flocks in experiments?
Related articles
Brown study suggests targeting mTORC2 could help fight cancer
Researchers at Brown University report that blocking the mTORC2 protein complex, while leaving mTORC1 active, may stop cancer growth signals without triggering survival pathways. The work offers a new direction for designing cancer drugs.
Robo‑armadillo shell curls to protect electronics
Researchers at North Carolina State University built a device called the MIPM that curls into a shell to protect fragile items like soft robots and flexible electronics. It uses sensors and heated materials to change shape automatically.