The protests began after the disputed October 2024 elections and a government decision to suspend the EU integration process. From November 2024 thousands gathered each day on a main avenue near Freedom Square to show their support for European ties and to oppose the ruling party.
In November 2024 clashes grew. Police used water cannons, tear gas and pepper spray. Protesters fought back with fireworks and there were nightly clashes. Journalists and media workers were injured and one reporter suffered life‑threatening injuries. In the first two weeks of December over 450 people were detained and civil society groups reported widespread brutality.
In early 2025 demonstrators used protective gear, disabled tear gas canisters and wore banned face masks. Authorities banned fireworks, face masks and lasers, raised fines for blocking roads and increased police raids on organisers’ homes.
Difficult words
- dispute — to say something is not fair or correctdisputed
- suspend — to stop something for a short time
- integration — the act of joining or becoming part
- clash — fights or strong arguments between groupsclashes
- detain — to keep someone in official custodydetained
- brutality — violent or cruel behaviour by people
- demonstrator — people who take part in a public protestdemonstrators
- protective gear — clothes or equipment for safety
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Why do you think people gathered near Freedom Square to show support for European ties?
- How might protective gear help demonstrators during clashes with police?
- Do you think raising fines for blocking roads is a fair response? Why or why not?
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