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Why people share fake news on social media — scrabble tiles spelling the word emotion on a wooden surface

Why people share fake news on social mediaCEFR B1

9 Dec 2025

Adapted from Holly Frew - Georgia State U., Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by Markus Winkler, Unsplash

Level B1 – Intermediate
3 min
161 words

Researchers developed the Content Dimensions–Overton Window–Perceived Utility (COP) Model to explain why people consume and share different kinds of news. The model focuses on three factors in any news item: veracity, emotional appeal and relevance. The team also used the Overton window to describe which ideas the public finds acceptable at a given time.

To test the model, they analysed more than 10,000 tweets about COVID-19. The analysis measured likes and which tweets were "ratioed" (that is, received more negative replies than likes). The researchers ran emotion and sentiment analyses to assess tone, trust and relevance.

Results showed people respond strongly to emotional tone, especially negative emotions such as fear, anger and disgust. Even when content was less true, if it felt emotionally satisfying and relevant it was more likely to be liked and shared. The study recommends that platforms use like/reply ratios and emotion signals, and that media literacy programmes be taught from an early age.

Difficult words

  • veracityHow true or accurate something is
  • emotional appealAbility of content to make people feel
  • relevanceHow important or connected something is
  • ratioTo receive more negative replies than likes
    ratioed
  • sentimentOverall feeling or attitude in a message
  • media literacySkills to understand and judge media information

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