A new study shows that tunas and their relatives did not gain large size and warm-bloodedness immediately after the asteroid strike 66 million years ago. Traits evolved independently in different lines over many millions of years.
Photo by Jacqueline Martinez, Unsplash
A mouse study tracked thousands of B cells across many germinal centers to see how antibodies improve. Using imaging and Deep Mutational Scanning, researchers found selection across centers produces stronger antibodies and may guide vaccine design.
Researchers studied microfossils from the McArthur and Birrindudu basins in Northern Territory, Australia, dated 1.75–1.4 billion years ago. The fossils occur mainly in oxygenated seafloor sediments, suggesting early eukaryotes needed oxygen and lived on the seafloor.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that the all-female Amazon molly keeps its DNA healthy despite cloning. They show gene conversion and genome comparisons help explain how the species avoided extinction and remained diverse.
Researchers used CT scans and engineering simulations on a Thrinaxodon fossil. Their models show a membrane in the jaw could work as an eardrum, pushing the origin of sensitive mammal hearing back by nearly 50 million years.
