Social protection and endangered Indigenous communities in Nepal ^{CEFR A2}

Nepal's Constitution (Article 43, 2015) guarantees the right to social protection and the country has signed international agreements on social security. Still, an estimated 20.1 million people in Nepal remain without any social protection.

The government runs more than 85 social security programs and gives allowances to about 3,800,000 people, around 13 percent of the population. The state also committed to financial support for ten officially recognised endangered Indigenous communities. Allowances can help pay for education and healthcare; for example, Bankariya community members get NPR 4,000 per month. Studies show some people start small businesses and save, but experts warn cash alone can create dependency. Advocates ask for links to enterprise, better local management and longer-term measures such as land and housing.