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Oldest RNA found in woolly mammoth from Siberian permafrost — a couple of animals that are sitting on some rocks

Oldest RNA found in woolly mammoth from Siberian permafrostCEFR A2

1 Dec 2025

Adapted from U. Copenhagen, Futurity CC BY 4.0

Photo by Jenish Ghaadiya, Unsplash

AI-assisted adaptation of the original article, simplified for language learners.

Scientists have for the first time isolated and sequenced RNA from woolly mammoth remains. The RNA came from tissue preserved in the Siberian permafrost for nearly 40,000 years and is the oldest RNA ever recovered.

The research team analysed frozen muscle remains from Yuka, a juvenile mammoth that died almost 40,000 years ago. Emilio Mármol, a postdoctoral researcher at the Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, said RNA gives direct evidence of which genes are "turned on". He worked with scientists from SciLifeLab and the Centre for Palaeogenetics.

The recovered RNA can show which genes were active near the time of death. The authors say that combining RNA with DNA, proteins and other preserved biomolecules could give new information. The study appears in the journal Cell and the University of Copenhagen reported it.

Difficult words

  • isolatedto separate something from other things
  • sequencedto find the order of parts in something
  • permafrostsoil that stays frozen for many years
  • tissuematerial made of cells in a plant or animal
  • juvenilea young animal or person
  • recoveredto get something back after loss or damage
  • genesa part inside cells that controls traits

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • What information could scientists learn by studying RNA from ancient animals?
  • Why is finding preserved tissue in permafrost important for research?

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