For the first time, researchers extracted metabolism-related molecules from fossil bones that are 1.3 to 3 million years old. They used these molecules to learn about the animals that once lived in those places.
The team first tested modern mouse bones and then analysed fossils from Tanzania, Malawi and South Africa. The fossils came from rodents, an antelope, a pig and an elephant or their relatives.
Plant molecules showed diet and local conditions. Overall, the analyses suggest the areas were wetter and warmer than they are today.
Difficult words
- metabolism-related — connected to how living things use energy
- extract — take something out from a place or objectextracted
- molecule — a very small piece of a substancemolecules
- fossil — a preserved part of an ancient plant or animalfossil bones, fossils
- analyse — study something carefully to find informationanalysed
- diet — the kinds of food an animal eats
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Would you like to study old fossils? Why or why not?
- How can finding molecules help scientists learn about past animals?
- Do you prefer to live in a warmer, wetter place or a colder, drier place? Why?
Related articles
How relationships shape memories of childhood adversity
A study of nearly 1,000 emerging adults found that memories of adverse childhood experiences change with the quality of current relationships, especially with parents. The researchers suggest asking about these experiences more than once.
Vitamin C may protect reproductive health from potassium perchlorate
A study using Japanese rice fish (medaka) found that potassium perchlorate damaged testes and reduced fertility. Fish given vitamin C alongside the chemical showed better fertility and less testicular harm, suggesting vitamin C may help protect reproductive health.
