Researchers examined data for three- and four-year-old children in six countries, including Gambia, Georgia, Madagascar, Malawi, Palestine and Sierra Leone. They matched each child’s development records to monthly average temperature data to estimate heat exposure.
The study used the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) and data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) for 2017–2020. The ECDI measures literacy and numeracy, social-emotional development, approaches to learning, and physical development.
The team found that higher temperatures were linked to lower rates of literacy and numeracy milestone attainment. The negative effects were stronger for children from poorer households, for households with less clean water, and for children living in urban areas.
Difficult words
- development — process of growing or learning in childhood
- temperature — how hot or cold the air is
- exposure — time spent near something harmful or risky
- literacy — ability to read and write simple texts
- numeracy — ability to understand and use numbers
- household — people who live together in one homehouseholds
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Do you think high temperatures can affect young children where you live? Why or why not?
- What changes could help protect children from heat in your community?
- Have you seen children find it harder to learn when it is very hot? Describe one example.
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