Non-nutritive sweeteners are common in many foods and drinks. Scientists want to know if these calorie-free compounds change blood sugar control and overall metabolism because many people use them to eat less sugar.
A new review pooled evidence from randomized trials and large observational studies. The clinical trials compared sweeteners with non-caloric controls like water or placebo and found higher fasting insulin and higher HbA1c, which is a test that shows average blood sugar over months. Trials also showed a trend toward worse insulin sensitivity.
One idea is that sweeteners can change the gut microbiome, the community of microbes in the gut. Observational studies often linked sweetener use to higher risk of heart and metabolic disease, but such studies have limits. The authors call for more careful trials and advise caution about regular use.
Difficult words
- sweetener — a substance that gives sweet taste without caloriessweeteners
- calorie-free — containing no calories or energy from food
- metabolism — body processes that make or use energy
- study — a research investigation to find informationstudies
- HbA1c — a test that shows average blood sugar
- microbiome — community of microbes living in the gut
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- Have you ever used non-nutritive sweeteners? Why or why not?
- Would you choose water or a drink with a sweetener? Why?
- Why do the authors want more careful trials about sweeteners?
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