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Mpox may be spreading quietly in Nigeria — Level A2 — shallow focus photography of boy with white hat

Mpox may be spreading quietly in NigeriaCEFR A2

3 Feb 2026

Adapted from Abdulrahman Olagunju, SciDev CC BY 2.0

Photo by Oshomah Abubakar, Unsplash

Level A2 – High beginner / Elementary
3 min
137 words

A new study led by Nigeria’s Institute of Human Virology, with help from the University of Cambridge, was published in Nature Communications. Researchers analysed archived blood samples from 176 healthy adults who had joined SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies.

The samples came from healthcare workers in 2021 and community volunteers in 2023. None of the participants had received mpox or smallpox vaccination in adulthood and none were known to have been exposed to mpox. The team found that 14 per cent had antibodies linked to historic smallpox vaccination, mostly people born before 1980.

When researchers collected follow-up samples, usually after around nine months, about 3 per cent showed a new immune response consistent with recent mpox exposure despite no symptoms. The study says genetic data and antibody testing could help find hidden transmission and guide vaccination.

Difficult words

  • archivestored and kept for later use
    archived
  • antibodya protein made by the immune system
    antibodies
  • follow-upa later check or extra test after first
  • exposurecontact with a disease or infection
  • transmissionthe process of passing a disease between people
  • geneticrelated to genes or DNA in a person

Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.

Discussion questions

  • Would you want a follow-up test after a vaccine? Why or why not?
  • How would you feel if a test showed you had antibodies but no symptoms?
  • Do you think genetic data can help find hidden disease transmission? Why or why not?

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