Large protests in December 2025 and January 2026 led to one of Iran’s longest internet shutdowns. NetBlocks confirmed a near-complete collapse of connectivity after authorities imposed a total shutdown on January 8. Limited access began returning on January 23, but many services remained restricted as of February 23.
Authorities moved to a white-listed model, where the global internet is blocked by default and only approved resources work. WhatsApp faced restrictions and most users relied on virtual private networks (VPNs). Amir Rashidi of Miaan Group said whitelisting is enforced at the infrastructure level and limits inbound and outbound traffic.
Foreign Policy reported on January 14 that Russia helped deploy deep packet inspection (DPI) tools. A company called Protei, with a head office in Jordan and roots in St.Petersburg, is named as a supporter. Protei’s documents describe a DPI platform that can identify services and block or prioritize some traffic.
Difficult words
- shutdown — a complete stop of services or systemsshutdowns
- connectivity — the state of being connected to a network
- whitelist — a list of approved websites or serviceswhite-listed, whitelisting
- restriction — a rule that limits what people can userestrictions
- virtual private network — a secure internet connection that hides activityvirtual private networks, VPNs
- infrastructure — the basic physical systems and services for a country
- deploy — to put technology or tools into use
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- How would an internet shutdown affect your daily life?
- Would you use a VPN if websites were blocked in your country? Why or why not?
- What problems can happen when only approved websites work?
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