Researchers at Texas A&M University, led by Annmarie MacNamara, investigated whether emotional reactions to mistakes predict later avoidance. They worked with 74 people who reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, or OCD. The design measured brain activity immediately after an error and then repeated the measurement one year later, allowing the team to compare initial reactions with later change.
A central finding focused on a pattern called blunting — a decline in the brain's emotional response to errors over time. Individuals who reacted strongly to errors at the first visit and then showed blunting over the following year tended to become more avoidant of uncomfortable situations. MacNamara links this pattern to increased anxiety symptoms in those people.
The authors suggest the results could help clinicians understand why symptoms get worse for some people but not others, and they point to potential biological signals, or biomarkers, that might eventually inform diagnosis and more targeted treatments. The research appears in the journal Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science.
Difficult words
- blunt — become less strong or less responsive over timeblunting
- avoidant — showing a tendency to avoid unpleasant situations
- biomarker — measurable biological sign used for diagnosisbiomarkers
- clinician — a health professional who treats patientsclinicians
- symptom — a sign of illness felt or reportedsymptoms
- measurement — process of recording a quantity or value
- investigate — study something carefully to learn factsinvestigated
- predict — say that something will likely happen later
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- How could biomarkers identified in this research change diagnosis or treatment for people with anxiety?
- Why might some people show strong reactions to mistakes and later blunting while others do not? Give possible reasons from the article or your experience.
- What are the benefits and possible risks of using brain activity measurements in clinical practice?
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