Madagascar has faced repeated social crises caused by frequent power outages and cuts to household water supplies. The state-owned company Jirama is responsible for producing and distributing electricity and drinking water to some 30 million residents, but damaged facilities, low water levels in the dry season and underperforming dams have reduced service. In parts of Antananarivo residents sometimes receive only three hours of electricity a day and queue for water.
In September 2025 a Generation Z movement called "Leo Délestage" used social media to call for peaceful protests in Antananarivo and other regions. Thousands responded. On September 25 authorities banned a planned protest in Ambohijatovo park, yet many demonstrators gathered and witnesses say security forces fired tear gas, made arrests and used strong force. Reports describe cases of physical violence against protesters, including online influencers.
After nightfall on September 25 looting and vandalism spread in several districts, targeting supermarkets, shopping malls and banks, and fires were started. Analamanga Police Chief Angelo Ravelonarivo announced a dusk-to-dawn curfew from 7 pm to 5 am, but vandalism continued. Published casualty counts vary; some accounts report at least six dead, others report several injured and at least five dead including two children. On September 26 a university student in Antsiranana Province was shot and killed by police; video of the attack was shown on KOLO TV. On September 27 President Andry Rajoelina dismissed Energy Minister Olivier Jean Baptiste, but protesters said a ministerial change would not be enough and demonstrations continued.
Difficult words
- protest — A public demonstration against something.protests
- electricity — Power used to light or energize things.
- access — The ability to enter or use something.
- demand — A strong request for something needed.demands
- unrest — A state of disorder or disturbance.
- justice — Fairness and moral rightness.
Tip: hover, focus or tap highlighted words in the article to see quick definitions while you read or listen.
Discussion questions
- What do you think about the use of social media for protests?
- Why is access to basic necessities important for citizens?
- How can international communities support such movements?
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