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Backdoor threat to self-driving cars — Level A2 — A computer monitor sitting on top of a desk

Backdoor threat to self-driving carsCEFR A2

20 Feb 2026

Level A2 – High beginner / Elementary
2 min
90 words

Researchers at Georgia Tech discovered a vulnerability called VillainNet in AI super networks used by self-driving cars. Super networks swap small subnetworks to handle rain, traffic or lane changes.

The team found that an attacker can hide a backdoor inside one subnetwork. The backdoor stays hidden until that subnetwork is chosen. If it is chosen, VillainNet can activate and take control of the vehicle. The researchers say attackers could threaten passengers or force a crash in some situations.

The team urges new security measures for these adaptive AI systems.

Difficult words

  • vulnerabilitya weakness that can be attacked
  • super networka large AI system made of smaller models
    super networks
  • subnetworka smaller model inside a larger network
    subnetworks
  • backdoora hidden program that gives control
  • attackera person who tries to harm a system
    attackers
  • activateto start a program or function
  • adaptiveable to change for different situations
  • threatento say or do something dangerous

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Discussion questions

  • Would you trust a self-driving car after reading this? Why or why not?
  • What could make cars safer from hackers or bad software?
  • If you were a passenger and the car lost control, what would you try to do?

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